Envy

Envy is resentment of the goods of another, plus the desire to despoil him or her of the goods (and typically, but not necessarily, to have them for oneself: on 9/11 terrorists did not want to occupy the twin towers; they wanted to destroy them).

In Scripture

Cain and Abel Genesis 4:1-8 starts the history of envy. God favors Abel’s offering over Cain’s, provoking Cain to anger and then to fratricide. The incident is the first in a biblical pattern in which God surprisingly prefers one person over another—typically the younger over the older—and then has to deal with the loser’s envy. Think Jacob and Esau, Leah and Rachel, Isaac and Ishmael, Joseph and his brothers.

Saul and David 1 Samuel 16-31 gives us the incomparable Saul and David stories. David is a teenager with beautiful eyes who became a giant-killer in his dual with Goliath and therefore a rival to his own sovereign, the stormy King Saul. Saul had been Israel’s undisputed war hero. But now this talented rookie is making the crowds roar and the women sing: “Saul has killed his thousands, and David his ten thousands.’ Saul was very angry; for this saying displeased him” (1 Sam. 18:7, 8). In fact, the refrain makes Saul want to kill David.

Resentment of another’s ministry Numbers 11:26-28 describes Joshua’s resentment of Eldad and Medad’s prophecy. The two of them hadn’t gone to the tent of meeting where the Spirit had inspired the seventy elders to prophesy. They had stayed home from church that day but started prophesying anyhow, and Joshua didn’t appreciate it one little bit. See also Mark 9:38: “John said to him, ‘Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us;”” [i.e. “we’re the authorized exorcists, as you can see from our T-shirts”].

Moses and Aaron In Numbers 16, the story of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (with echoes in Psalm 106:16) tells of God’s judgment on those Israelites who envied the leadership of Moses and Aaron.

Envy poisons Several Old Testament texts warn that envy poisons the envier, e.g., Job 5:2 (“Resentment kills a fool, and envy slays the simple”, NIV) and Proverbs 14:30 (“a heart at peace gives life to the body, but envy rots the bones,” NIV).

Evildoers Several Old Testament texts caution believers against envying “the wicked” or “evildoers” (e.g. Ps. 37:1; Prov. 24:1, 19). The idea appears to be that envy of the wicked is superfluous. They may appear fat and sassy, but they cannot endure.

New Testament New Testament texts are of roughly four sorts: (1) Vice lists Texts in which envy is an undiscussed item in a list of vices (e.g., Rom. 13:13, 2 Cor. 12:20, Gal. 5:21, 1 Tim. 6:4); (2) Worldliness exhibits Similarly, texts in which envy is an exhibit of worldliness, (e.g., 1 Cor 3:3, Jame 3:14, Titus 3:3); (3) Envy of Jesus and Paul Texts in which envy is the motive for handing over Jesus to the Romans (Matt. 27:18, Mk. 15:10) or for opposing Paul’s ministry (Acts 13:14, 17:5); and (4) Various instances Texts in which the all-day employees in the vineyard resent advantages given to the latecomers (Matt. 20:15) or the elder brother resents the party thrown for his younger brother (Luke 15:28-30) or Martha resents Mary’s sabbatical for study (Luke 10:38-40) or John the Baptist’s disciples resent the crowds Jesus is drawing (John 3:22-26).

Points to Ponder

Not jealousy Despite ordinary usage and meaning in current English, envy in the “seven deadlies” tradition is not the same thing as jealousy, which is the keen desire to keep and protect goods one already has. (God wants people’s worship not to drift toward idols: God is a jealous God. A husband wants to keep his wife’s love for himself; he is properly jealous of it.)

Not covetousness Neither is envy the same as covetousness, which is unhealthy desire for the goods of another, and thus, classically, a motive to steal. (In the 1930s, the Japanese cast a covetous eye on the natural resources of Manchuria.)

Not emulation Envy is not emulation either—the desire to equal or surpass someone in achievement or quality. (“After hearing Wynton Marsalis I wanted to go home and practice for hours.”)

Vs. gratitude Envy’s opposite is gratitude to God for the genuine goods with which God blesses others. This is a high calling. Church fathers sometimes commented that it’s easier to weep with those who weep than to rejoice with those who rejoice.

Schadenfreude Envy’s natural corollary is what the Germans call Schadenfreude—the enjoyment of others’ misfortune. The envier not only sorrows over another’s good fortune and wants it to end; he or she also rejoices in another’s misfortune and wants it to persist.

Pure evil Nearly all the other seven deadly sins (pride, anger, sloth, avarice, gluttony, lust) have an element of pleasure in them. Not envy. It’s pure evil, as sickening to the envier as to everybody else.

Cain and Abel God may have preferred Abel’s offering because it really cost Abel something to give it—he gave the choicest cuts from his most valuable stock while Cain brought garden-variety produce. Or God may have preferred Abel’s offering out of the blue. To an envier, it doesn’t matter. The other person’s advantage is unfair either way.

Translation Insights

wu-guu (Kassem): In Kassem, a language spoken in the African nation of Burkina Faso, the word “envy” or “jealousy” is translated wu-guu which means “inner-being-killer.” In the Burkinabé culture of Burkina Faso, when a person is jealous of someone, it hurts his inner being almost to the point of killing him. Jealousy is more than just wishing to have what the other has; it also means wishing the other person doesn’t have it, perhaps leading to violent or destructive behavior.

Many of the translation insights shown on this site are courtesy of the TIPs Bible.

Scripture quotations are from New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Search Results

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Envy Scott Hoezee and David Bast draw from Genesis 4:1-8 & 1 Corinthians 12:7-11, to think about the 'deadly sin' of envy, what it is, and how we combat it through the Holy Spirit's leading. Resource type: Commentary/Exegesis Source: Groundwork Author: Scott Hoezee Envy This sermon illustration pairs James 3:13-16 with a quote from Frederick Buechner that argues, "Envy is the consuming desire to have everybody else be as unsuccessful as you are." Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Day1 Author: Frederick Buechner Envy This quote from Frederick Buechner's "Beyond Words: Daily Readings in the ABC's of Faith" suggests that envy is, "the consuming desire to have everyone else be as unsuccessful as you are.” Resource type: Book Quote Source: Center for Excellence in Preaching Author: Frederick Buechner Envy and Ambition Reflecting on James 3:13-16; 4:1 and Luke 9:43-48, Robert Barron holds that envy or even ambition for the purpose of outdoing others knocks us off our center and we lose our orientation toward Christ. Resource type: Audio/Video Source: Word on Fire Author: Robert Barron Envy This devotional on Exodus 20:17 discusses the commandment against envy as a opportunity to stop looking at others and focus on developing our own unique gifts. Resource type: Devotional Source: Day1 Author: Kenneth L. Samuel I Don't Envy You Commenting on Exodus 20:17, Martin Copenhaver explores how "envy and gratitude are always competing for our souls." Resource type: Sermon Starter/Outline Source: Day1 Author: Martin B. Copenhaver Saul Envies David As Saul’s army makes its return trip to Jerusalem, the townswomen give David greater praise than they do Saul. Saul looks on in envy of David Resource type: Image Source: Pitts Theology Library Digital Image Archive Author: Jean Leclerc Envy A quotation from Seven Sins and Seven Virtues by Karl Olsson that illustrates the middling tendency of enviers. Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Center for Excellence in Preaching Author: Karl Olsson Envy Kenneth L. Samuel reflection on Exodus 20:17. The commandment against covetousness is not so much a demanding restriction but a broad invitation to know who we truly are and to live an authentic life. Resource type: Article Source: Day1 Author: Kenneth L. Samuel General Intercessions for Grace to Prefer Nothing but Christ, for Freedom from Envy, for those Who Have Lost Hope, and for the Unemployed and Underemployed, et al This resource includes a prayer for all who have lost hope or who are suffering depression: that they may experience God’s presence with them today and recognize someone’s love for them. Resource type: Element of Worship Source: The Sunday Website Author: Joe Milner Envy Is the Least "Fun" Sin An illustration by Arthur C. Brooks describes research findings of the negative psychological effects of envy. Applicable scriptures include Exodus 20:17; Psalm 37:1; Proverbs 14:30; Hebrews 13:5-6; James 3:14-16. Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Preaching Today Author: Arthur C. Brooks Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs: Destroyed by Envy This is an illustration from the movie Snow White, describing the story of a queen that was destroyed by envy. It is appropriate for Proverbs 14:30 and Colossians 3:5-6. Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Preaching Today Full Text Hymns on Envy The Cure of Envy, Fretfulness, and Unbelief; or, The Rewards of the Righteous and the WickedPD
Not in envy, not in angerPD
Hymn 56PD
See more hymns... Thanking God for His Goodness Prevents Envy This sermon illustration for Genesis 4:1-10, Exodus 20:17, or Deuteronomy 5:21 is a quote from Rick Warren that says, "Envy is resenting God's goodness to others and ignoring God's goodness to me." Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Preaching Today Author: Rick Warren The Power of Envy In this sermon illustration for Genesis 37:11, Proverbs 14:30, or Matthew 20:24, an anecdote of three churches struggling to survive demonstrates how envy can turn proclaimers of truth into liars and hypocrites. Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Preaching Today Author: Wayne Brouwer Son Mistakenly Envies Another Boy’s Father In this sermon illustration, Craig Brian Larson recollects how as a child he foolishly envied a playful father rather than his own dependable father. Demonstrating qualities of fatherhood, this illustration suits Isaiah 46:5. Resource type: Sermon Illustration Source: Preaching Today Author: Craig Brian Larson God's Generosity A homily based on Matthew 20:1-16. Thomas Skeats warns against envy and describes how we grow through our participation in the generosity of God. Resource type: Sermon (Complete) Source: Torch Author: Thomas Skeats O.P. A Vineyard of One’s Own This artwork and commentary by Jan Richardson are based on Matthew 20:1-16. Discussing her experiences with artistic envy, Richardson discusses how to tend to one's vineyard by focusing on the work we are called toward. Resource type: Commentary/Exegesis Source: The Painted Prayerbook Author: Jan Richardson The Honor of Contentment A service outline on Luke 12 and 1 Timothy 6 focused on our need to find contentment with what we have as the antidote to greed, envy, and coveting as explained in the Heidelberg Catechism. Resource type: Service Outline Source: Calvin Institute of Christian Worship Author: Calvin Institute of Christian Worship The Festival-Envy Syndrome: Four Contexts of Worship When people go to special events (festivals) to worship, there is often a special experience they have that they wish they had every week. We need to realize, however, that every worship experience has value. Resource type: Article Source: Reformed Worship The Green-Eyed Monster In this essay on envy and jealousy, Alyce McKenzie encourages readers to celebrate the spiritual gifts God has given them rather than wish for another's gift. Resource type: Article Source: Day1 Author: Alyce McKenzie

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